Tenses

Tenses merupakan bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa inggris yang menunjukkan waktu ( masa lampau, sekarang, dan mada akan datang ) terjadinya suatu peristiwa. 


Terdapat 16 macam tenses, diantaranya : 


1. Simple Present
     rumus :
    (+) S + V1 + s/es + O                      
    (-) S + Do/Does + Not + V1 + O  
    (?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O
    (-?) Don't/Doesn't + S + V1 + O
    Time Signal :
    Everyday, every week, often, always, sometimes, usually, once, twice, etc.


2. Present Continous
    rumus :
    (+) S + To be (is,am,are) + Ving + O
    (-) S + To be (is,am,are) + Not + Ving + O
    (?) To be (is,am,are) + S + Ving + O
    (-?) To be (is,am,are) + S + Not + Ving + O
    Time Signal :
    Now, today, at present, this moment, this time, etc.


3. Present Perfect
    rumus :
    (+) S +  Have/Has + V3 + O
    (-) S +  Have/Has + Not + V3 + O
    (?)  Have/Has + S + V3 + O
    (-?) Haven't/Hasn't + S + V3 + O
    Time Signal :
    Just now, up to now, ever, never, already, etc.


4. Present Perfect Continous
    rumus :
    (+) S + Have/Has + Been + Ving + O
    (-) S + Have/Has + Not +  Been + Ving + O
    (?) Have/Has + S + Been + Ving + O
    (-?) Haven't/Hasn't + S + Been + Ving + O
   Time Signal : 
   Recently, all morning, lately, all day.


5. Simple Past 
    rumus :
    (+) S + V2 + O
    (-) S + Did + Not + V1 + O
    (?) Did +  + V1 + O
    (-?) Didn't +  + V1 + O
    Time Signal :
    Yesterday, last time, last week, last year.


6. Past Continous
    rumus :
   (+) S + To be (was,were) + Ving + O
   (-) S + To be (was,were) + Not + Ving + O
   (?) To be (was,were) + S +  Ving + O
   (-?) (Wasn't,Weren't) + S + Not + Ving + O
   Time Signal :
   Yesterday morning, yesterday night., last year on July.


7. Past Perfect 
    rumus :
   (+) S + Had + V3 + O
   (-) S + Had + Not + V3 + O
   (?) Had + S + V3 + O
   (-?) Hadn't + S + V3 + O
   Time Signal :
    Ever, never, already, after, before, until, as soon as, by the time.


8. Past Perfect Continous
    rumus : 
   (+) S + Had + Been + Ving + O
   (-) S + Had + Not + Been + Ving + O
   (?) Had + S + Been + Ving + O
   (-?) Hadn't + S + Been + Ving + O
   Time Signal :
   For, since.


9. Simple Future
    rumus :
    (+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O
    (-)  S + Will/Shall + Not + V1 + O
    (?) Will/Shall + S +  V1 + O
    (-?) Won't/Shan't + S + V1 + O
    Time Signal :
    Next time, tomorrow, tonight, next week, next year, later, the day after tomorrow.


10. Future Continous
    rumus :
    (+) S + Will/Shall + Be + Ving + O
    (-) S + Will/Shall + Not + Be + Ving + O
    (?) Will/Shall +  S + Be + Ving + O
    (-?) Won't/Shan't + S + Be + Ving + O
    Time Signal :
    Tomorrow night.


11. Future Perfect
     rumus :
    (+) S + Will/Shall + Have + V3 + O
    (-) S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + V3 + O
    (?) Will/Shall + S + Have  + V3 + O
    (-?) Won't/Shan't + S + Have  + V3 + O
    Time Signal :
    By the next week.


12. Future perfect Continous
     rumus :
    (+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + Ving + O
    (-) S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + Been + Ving + O
    (?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + Ving + O
    (-?) Won't/Shan't + S + Have + Been + Ving + O


13. Past Future
      rumus :
      (+) S + Would/Should + V1 + O
      (-) S + Would/Should + Not + V1 + O
      (?) Would/Should + S + V1 + O
      (-?) Wouldn't/Shouldn't + S + V1 + O


14. Past Future Continous 
      rumus :
     (+) S + Would/Should + Be + Ving + O
     (-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + Ving + O
     (?) Would/Should + S + Be + Ving + O
     (-?) Wouldn't/Shouldn't + S + Be + Ving + O
     Time Signal :
      Yesterday morning, yesterday night.


15. Past Future Perfect
      rumus :
     (+) S + Would/Should + Have + V3 + O
     (-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + V3 + O
     (?) Would/Should + S + Have + V3 + O
     (-?) Wouldn't/Shouldn't + S + Have + V3 + O


16. Past Future Perfect Continous
      rumus :
     (+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + Ving + O
     (-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Ving + O
     (?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + Ving + O
     (-?) Wouldn't/Shouldn't + S + Have + Been + Ving + O